The article examines the issues of ensuring judicial independence and disciplinary responsibility of judges in Ukraine. It analyzes the legal and institutional mechanisms that guarantee judges’ autonomy in administering justice while ensuring their accountability to society. Special attention is paid to disciplinary proceedings and the procedure for dismissing judges, as well as the alignment of national legislation with international standards, including the recommendations of the Consultative Council of European Judges and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The article identifies key problems in disciplinary practice, including insufficient specification of grounds for liability, limited procedural transparency, weak appeal mechanisms, and partial non-compliance with international standards. It emphasizes that disciplinary responsibility should be applied strictly in accordance with the law, maintaining a balance between judicial independence and professional accountability. The author proposes legislative improvements, enhanced procedural transparency, and clear criteria for evaluating judges’ conduct, which would strengthen judicial independence and public trust in the judiciary.